00. 目录
文章目录
01. 概述
Qt中几个常用的串口modbus类
QModbusRtuSerialSlave //modbus串口通信方式下的服务器类
QModbusRtuSerialMaster //串口通信方式下的客户端类
QModbusServer // QModbusServer类接收和处理modbus的请求。
QModbusDataUnit //存储接收和发送数据的类,数据类型为1bit和16bit
QModbusReply //客户端访问服务器后得到的回复(如客户端读服务器数据时包含数据信息)
02. 开发环境
Windows系统:Windows10
Qt版本:Qt5.15或者Qt6
Pro配置文件如下
QT += core gui serialbus serialport
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
CONFIG += c++11
# You can make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
SOURCES += \\
main.cpp \\
widget.cpp
HEADERS += \\
widget.h
# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
03. 读DiscreteInputs程序示例
widget.h文件
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
//前向声明
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Widget();
private:
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
private slots:
void onReadReady();
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
widget.cpp文件
#include "widget.h"
#include <QModbusRtuSerialMaster>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
#include <QModbusReply>
#include <QVariant>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QDebug>
//构造函数
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
: QWidget(parent)
{
//1. 创建QModbusDevice对象
modbusDevice = new QModbusRtuSerialMaster;
//2. 如果处于连接状态,则断开连接
if (modbusDevice->state() == QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
{
//断开连接设备
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
//3. 设置串口相关参数
//设置串口信息
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialPortNameParameter, QVariant("COM3"));
//设置校验 无校验
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialParityParameter, QSerialPort::NoParity);
//设置波特率
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialBaudRateParameter, QSerialPort::Baud19200);
//设置停止位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialStopBitsParameter, QSerialPort::OneStop);
//设置数据位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialDataBitsParameter, QSerialPort::Data8);
//4. 设置其他信息
//设置超时时间
modbusDevice->setTimeout(1000); //1秒
//设置失败重试次数
modbusDevice->setNumberOfRetries(3);
//5. 连接到设备
bool ok = modbusDevice->connectDevice();
if (!ok)
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口成功";
}
//6. 发送读取数据请求
//从地址0开始读取10个保持寄存器的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
//从地址0开始读取10个离散输入量的值
QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::DiscreteInputs, 0, 10);
QModbusReply* reply = modbusDevice->sendReadRequest(data, 0x1);
if (nullptr == reply)
{
qDebug() << "发送请求数据失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, &Widget::onReadReady);
}
else
{
//broadcast replies return immediately
delete reply;
}
}
//7. 接收响应
//通过槽函数实现
}
//析构函数
Widget::~Widget()
{
if (modbusDevice)
{
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
delete modbusDevice;
}
//准备读取数据的槽函数
void Widget::onReadReady()
{
auto reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply*>(sender());
if (nullptr == reply)
{
return;
}
//判断是否出错
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//读取响应数据
const QModbusDataUnit responseData = reply->result();
qDebug() << responseData.values();
}
else if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
qDebug() << "Read response Protocol error: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "Read response Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//删除reply
reply->deleteLater();
}
执行结果
15:09:19: Starting D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe ...
连接到串口成功
QVector(0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1)
15:09:22: D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe exited with code 0
04. 读Coils程序示例
widget.h文件
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
//前向声明
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Widget();
private:
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
private slots:
void onReadReady();
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
widget.cpp文件
#include "widget.h"
#include <QModbusRtuSerialMaster>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
#include <QModbusReply>
#include <QVariant>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QDebug>
//构造函数
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
: QWidget(parent)
{
//1. 创建QModbusDevice对象
modbusDevice = new QModbusRtuSerialMaster;
//2. 如果处于连接状态,则断开连接
if (modbusDevice->state() == QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
{
//断开连接设备
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
//3. 设置串口相关参数
//设置串口信息
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialPortNameParameter, QVariant("COM3"));
//设置校验 无校验
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialParityParameter, QSerialPort::NoParity);
//设置波特率
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialBaudRateParameter, QSerialPort::Baud19200);
//设置停止位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialStopBitsParameter, QSerialPort::OneStop);
//设置数据位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialDataBitsParameter, QSerialPort::Data8);
//4. 设置其他信息
//设置超时时间
modbusDevice->setTimeout(1000); //1秒
//设置失败重试次数
modbusDevice->setNumberOfRetries(3);
//5. 连接到设备
bool ok = modbusDevice->connectDevice();
if (!ok)
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口成功";
}
//6. 发送读取数据请求
//从地址0开始读取10个保持寄存器的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
//从地址0开始读取10个离散输入量的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::DiscreteInputs, 0, 10);
//QModbusDataUnit::Coils 从地址0开始读取10个线圈值
QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::Coils, 0, 10);
QModbusReply* reply = modbusDevice->sendReadRequest(data, 0x1);
if (nullptr == reply)
{
qDebug() << "发送请求数据失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, &Widget::onReadReady);
}
else
{
//broadcast replies return immediately
delete reply;
}
}
//7. 接收响应
//通过槽函数实现
}
//析构函数
Widget::~Widget()
{
if (modbusDevice)
{
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
delete modbusDevice;
}
//准备读取数据的槽函数
void Widget::onReadReady()
{
auto reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply*>(sender());
if (nullptr == reply)
{
return;
}
//判断是否出错
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//读取响应数据
const QModbusDataUnit responseData = reply->result();
qDebug() << responseData.values();
}
else if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
qDebug() << "Read response Protocol error: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "Read response Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//删除reply
reply->deleteLater();
}
执行结果
15:14:35: Starting D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe ...
连接到串口成功
QVector(1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1)
15:15:12: D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe exited with code 0
05. 读InputRegisters程序示例
widget.h文件
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
//前向声明
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Widget();
private:
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
private slots:
void onReadReady();
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
widget.cpp文件
#include "widget.h"
#include <QModbusRtuSerialMaster>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
#include <QModbusReply>
#include <QVariant>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QDebug>
//构造函数
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
: QWidget(parent)
{
//1. 创建QModbusDevice对象
modbusDevice = new QModbusRtuSerialMaster;
//2. 如果处于连接状态,则断开连接
if (modbusDevice->state() == QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
{
//断开连接设备
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
//3. 设置串口相关参数
//设置串口信息
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialPortNameParameter, QVariant("COM3"));
//设置校验 无校验
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialParityParameter, QSerialPort::NoParity);
//设置波特率
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialBaudRateParameter, QSerialPort::Baud19200);
//设置停止位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialStopBitsParameter, QSerialPort::OneStop);
//设置数据位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialDataBitsParameter, QSerialPort::Data8);
//4. 设置其他信息
//设置超时时间
modbusDevice->setTimeout(1000); //1秒
//设置失败重试次数
modbusDevice->setNumberOfRetries(3);
//5. 连接到设备
bool ok = modbusDevice->connectDevice();
if (!ok)
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口成功";
}
//6. 发送读取数据请求
//从地址0开始读取10个保持寄存器的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
//从地址0开始读取10个离散输入量的值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::DiscreteInputs, 0, 10);
//QModbusDataUnit::Coils 从地址0开始读取10个线圈值
//QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::Coils, 0, 10);
//QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters 从地址0开始读取10个输入寄存器的值
QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::InputRegisters, 0, 10);
QModbusReply* reply = modbusDevice->sendReadRequest(data, 0x1);
if (nullptr == reply)
{
qDebug() << "发送请求数据失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, &Widget::onReadReady);
}
else
{
//broadcast replies return immediately
delete reply;
}
}
//7. 接收响应
//通过槽函数实现
}
//析构函数
Widget::~Widget()
{
if (modbusDevice)
{
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
delete modbusDevice;
}
//准备读取数据的槽函数
void Widget::onReadReady()
{
auto reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply*>(sender());
if (nullptr == reply)
{
return;
}
//判断是否出错
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//读取响应数据
const QModbusDataUnit responseData = reply->result();
qDebug() << responseData.values();
}
else if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
qDebug() << "Read response Protocol error: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "Read response Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//删除reply
reply->deleteLater();
}
执行结果
15:18:19: Starting D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe ...
连接到串口成功
QVector(10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 11)
15:18:22: D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe exited with code 0
06. 读HoldingRegisters程序示例
widget.h文件
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
//前向声明
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~Widget();
private:
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
private slots:
void onReadReady();
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
widget.cpp文件
#include "widget.h"
#include <QModbusRtuSerialMaster>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
#include <QModbusReply>
#include <QVariant>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QDebug>
//构造函数
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
: QWidget(parent)
{
//1. 创建QModbusDevice对象
modbusDevice = new QModbusRtuSerialMaster;
//2. 如果处于连接状态,则断开连接
if (modbusDevice->state() == QModbusDevice::ConnectedState)
{
//断开连接设备
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
//3. 设置串口相关参数
//设置串口信息
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialPortNameParameter, QVariant("COM3"));
//设置校验 无校验
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialParityParameter, QSerialPort::NoParity);
//设置波特率
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialBaudRateParameter, QSerialPort::Baud19200);
//设置停止位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialStopBitsParameter, QSerialPort::OneStop);
//设置数据位
modbusDevice->setConnectionParameter(QModbusDevice::SerialDataBitsParameter, QSerialPort::Data8);
//4. 设置其他信息
//设置超时时间
modbusDevice->setTimeout(1000); //1秒
//设置失败重试次数
modbusDevice->setNumberOfRetries(3);
//5. 连接到设备
bool ok = modbusDevice->connectDevice();
if (!ok)
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "连接到串口成功";
}
//6. 发送读取数据请求
//从地址0开始读取10个保持寄存器的值
QModbusDataUnit data(QModbusDataUnit::HoldingRegisters, 0, 10);
QModbusReply* reply = modbusDevice->sendReadRequest(data, 0x1);
if (nullptr == reply)
{
qDebug() << "发送请求数据失败: " << modbusDevice->errorString();
}
else
{
if (!reply->isFinished())
{
connect(reply, &QModbusReply::finished, this, &Widget::onReadReady);
}
else
{
//broadcast replies return immediately
delete reply;
}
}
//7. 接收响应
//通过槽函数实现
}
//析构函数
Widget::~Widget()
{
if (modbusDevice)
{
modbusDevice->disconnectDevice();
}
delete modbusDevice;
}
//准备读取数据的槽函数
void Widget::onReadReady()
{
auto reply = qobject_cast<QModbusReply*>(sender());
if (nullptr == reply)
{
return;
}
//判断是否出错
if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::NoError)
{
//读取响应数据
const QModbusDataUnit responseData = reply->result();
qDebug() << responseData.values();
}
else if (reply->error() == QModbusDevice::ProtocolError)
{
qDebug() << "Read response Protocol error: " << reply->errorString();
}
else
{
qDebug() << "Read response Error: " << reply->errorString();
}
//删除reply
reply->deleteLater();
}
执行结果
14:33:54: Starting D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe ...
连接到串口成功
QVector(10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
14:33:57: D:\\ProgramData\\Qt\\build-Test-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug\\debug\\Test.exe exited with code 0
07. 综合示例
程序界面
settingdialog.h文件
#ifndef SETTINGDIALOG_H
#define SETTINGDIALOG_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QtSerialPort>
namespace Ui {
class SettingDialog;
}
//串口设置相关类
class SettingDialog : public QDialog
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
struct Settings
{
//串口名
QString serialName = "COM3";
//校验位
int parity = QSerialPort::NoParity;
//波特率
int baud = QSerialPort::Baud19200;
//数据位
int dataBits = QSerialPort::Data8;
//停止位
int stopBits = QSerialPort::OneStop;
//响应时间
int responseTime = 1000;
//重试次数
int numberOfRetries = 3;
};
explicit SettingDialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~SettingDialog();
//返回参数设置信息
Settings settings() const;
private slots:
void on_btnApply_clicked();
private:
Ui::SettingDialog *ui;
Settings m_settings;
};
#endif // SETTINGDIALOG_H
settingdialog.cpp文件
#include "settingdialog.h"
#include "ui_settingdialog.h"
//构造函数
SettingDialog::SettingDialog(QWidget *parent) :
QDialog(parent),
ui(new Ui::SettingDialog)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
//设置默认参数信息
ui->serialNameLineEdit->setText(tr("COM3"));
ui->parityComboBox->setCurrentIndex(0);
ui->baudComboBox->setCurrentText(QString::number(m_settings.baud));
ui->dataBitComboBox->setCurrentText(QString::number(m_settings.dataBits));
ui->stopBitComboBox->setCurrentText(QString::number(m_settings.stopBits));
ui->spinBoxTimeOut->setValue(m_settings.responseTime);
ui->spinBoxRetry->setValue(m_settings.numberOfRetries);
}
//析构函数
SettingDialog::~SettingDialog()
{
delete ui;
}
//返回参数信息
SettingDialog::Settings SettingDialog::settings() const
{
return m_settings;
}
//引用按钮槽函数
void SettingDialog::on_btnApply_clicked()
{
m_settings.serialName = ui->serialNameLineEdit->text();
m_settings.parity = ui->parityComboBox->currentText().toInt();
m_settings.baud = ui->baudComboBox->currentText().toInt();
m_settings.dataBits = ui->dataBitComboBox->currentText().toInt();
m_settings.stopBits = ui->stopBitComboBox->currentText().toInt();
m_settings.responseTime = ui->spinBoxTimeOut->value();
m_settings.numberOfRetries = ui->spinBoxRetry->value();
//隐藏参数设置对话框
hide();
}
mainwindow.h文件
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui
{
class MainWindow;
}
class SettingDialog;
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~MainWindow();
//信号与槽进行关联
void initActions();
//读请求数据包封装
QModbusDataUnit readRequest() const;
private slots:
void onConnectButtonClicked();
void onConnectTypeChanged(int);
void onModbusStateChanged(int state);
void onReadButtonClicked();
void onReadReady();
private:
Ui::MainWindow *ui = nullptr;
SettingDialog *m_settingDialog = nullptr;
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
QModbusReply *reply = nullptr;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
mainwindow.cpp文件
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QModbusDataUnit>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui
{
class MainWindow;
}
class SettingDialog;
class QModbusClient;
class QModbusReply;
QT_END_NAMESPACE
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
~MainWindow();
//信号与槽进行关联
void initActions();
//读请求数据包封装
QModbusDataUnit readRequest() const;
private slots:
void onConnectButtonClicked();
void onConnectTypeChanged(int);
void onModbusStateChanged(int state);
void onReadButtonClicked();
void onReadReady();
private:
Ui::MainWindow *ui = nullptr;
SettingDialog *m_settingDialog = nullptr;
QModbusClient *modbusDevice = nullptr;
QModbusReply *reply = nullptr;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
08. 程序下载
8.1 Qt RTU Master示例一.rar
8.2 RTUMasterTest(二).rar
09. 附录
9.1 Qt教程汇总
网址:https://dengjin.blog.csdn.net/article/details/115174639
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